{"id":4172,"date":"2024-08-02T07:00:34","date_gmt":"2024-08-02T05:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forbes.be\/fr\/?p=4172"},"modified":"2024-08-01T16:23:33","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:23:33","slug":"marchands-dart-le-spf-economie-recale-par-la-cour-dappel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forbes.be\/fr\/marchands-dart-le-spf-economie-recale-par-la-cour-dappel\/","title":{"rendered":"Marchands d\u2019art\u00a0: le SPF Economie recal\u00e9 par la Cour d\u2019Appel"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yves-Bernard Debie est avocat bruxellois international, sp\u00e9cialiste du monde <\/strong>de l\u2019art. Trois arr\u00eats de la Cour d\u2019appel de Bruxelles feront date. Il nous en<\/strong>
\nexplique les enjeux.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qu\u2019apportent ces d\u00e9cisions ?<\/h2>\n

Ces trois arr\u00eats cons\u00e9cutifs rendus les 4, 25 et 26 juin par la Cour
\nd\u2019appel de Bruxelles (chambre des mises en accusation) sanctionnent s\u00e9v\u00e8rement
\nles proc\u00e9dures engag\u00e9es par la Direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019Inspection \u00e9conomique<\/a> (la
\nDGIE) \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des marchands d\u2019art antiques de Bruxelles et de leurs
\ncollectionneurs.<\/p>\n

En janvier 2020, la DGIE, forte de pr\u00e9rogatives ant\u00e9rieurement confi\u00e9es \u00e0 la cellule \u00ab
\nArt \u00bb de la Police f\u00e9d\u00e9rale, avait organis\u00e9 une descente brutale et savamment
\nm\u00e9diatis\u00e9e, au m\u00e9pris du secret de l\u2019information et de l\u2019instruction, lors de la BRAFA<\/a>
\n(Brussels Art Fair). Usant et abusant de ses pouvoirs d\u2019investigation et de contrainte,
\nla DGIE a suivi un sch\u00e9ma bien arr\u00eat\u00e9 : saisies, interrogatoires, photos prises sur les
\nstands, transmission d\u2019informations aux pays pr\u00e9tendument d\u2019origine, invitation \u00e0
\nrevendiquer des \u0153uvres forc\u00e9ment pill\u00e9es. Les inspecteurs, ne se bornant pas aux
\ncimaises de la BRAFA, poursuivraient leur croisade dans les galeries du Sablon et
\nles salons des collectionneurs.<\/p>\n

Quelle \u00e9tait leur logique ?<\/h2>\n

Rien ne pouvait les convaincre de la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 de ces \u0153uvres. Toute antiquit\u00e9
\n\u00e9tait forc\u00e9ment pill\u00e9e et, si elle provenait du Moyen-Orient, ce \u00ab pillage \u00bb avait
\nforc\u00e9ment financ\u00e9 le terrorisme via une organisation criminelle internationale dont
\ntoutes les \u00e9tudes, notamment un rapport du Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain (2022), d\u00e9montrent
\nl\u2019inexistence et souligne : \u00ab\u00a0 l’utilisation peu fr\u00e9quente d’esp\u00e8ces sur le march\u00e9 de
\nl’art et les obligations des entit\u00e9s financi\u00e8res et commerciales font du march\u00e9
\ninstitutionnel de l’art un mauvais vecteur pour le blanchiment de produits illicites \u00bb.
\nCirconstance aggravante\u00a0: la m\u00e9connaissance historique de nos inspecteurs, pour
\nqui toute \u0153uvre romaine \u00e9tait forc\u00e9ment italienne et pill\u00e9e, oubliant que l\u2019empire
\nromain, \u00e0 son apog\u00e9e, englobait presque toute notre Union europ\u00e9enne et le Moyen-
\nOrient ou que des pharaons \u00ab noirs \u00bb avaient pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 aux destin\u00e9es de l\u2019\u00c9gypte,
\ndepuis ce qui est aujourd\u2019hui le Soudan.<\/p>\n

Quelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les cons\u00e9quences ?<\/h2>\n

Parquet et juges d\u2019instruction, habitu\u00e9s \u00e0 des enqu\u00eates professionnelles, s\u2019\u00e9taient
\nlaiss\u00e9s convaincre par ces inspecteurs d\u2019ordonner des mesures d\u2019enqu\u00eate sans
\npouvoir mesurer, faute de temps et de moyens, le d\u00e9tournement de proc\u00e9dure dont
\nils \u00e9taient victimes, au m\u00eame titre que les marchands, \u00e0 un degr\u00e9 diff\u00e9rent.<\/p>\n

Les pays \u00ab sources \u00bb, autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 revendiquer sans titre ni droit des \u0153uvres pourtant
\nd\u00e9tenues en collection en totale l\u00e9galit\u00e9, ont flair\u00e9 l\u2019aubaine. Le message des
\ninspecteurs de la DGIE semblait clair : revendiquez la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de tel masque ou de
\ntel vase en vous appuyant sur des instruments l\u00e9gaux internationaux cens\u00e9s faciliter
\nl\u2019entraide judiciaire et nous vous l\u2019accorderons. D\u00e8s lors, comment bl\u00e2mer l\u2019\u00c9gypte
\nou l\u2019Italie, puisque c\u2019\u00e9tait \u00ab open bar \u00bb ?<\/p>\n

Qu\u2019ont fait les magistrats ?<\/h2>\n

La pugnacit\u00e9 des marchands et collectionneurs et la rigueur des magistrats de la
\nCour d\u2019appel de Bruxelles, \u00e9clair\u00e9s par des r\u00e9quisitions tr\u00e8s justes d\u2019une procureure
\nf\u00e9d\u00e9rale, a eu raison de ce viol de toutes les r\u00e8gles de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, des r\u00e8glements
\ninternationaux et des droits fondamentaux. Suivant en cela un arr\u00eat tr\u00e8s ferme de la
\nCour d\u2019appel de Berlin du 7 f\u00e9vrier 2020, relevant et sanctionnant les revendications
\ndouteuses de l\u2019Italie en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u0153uvres antiques, les magistrats de la chambre des
\nmises en accusation ont rappel\u00e9 le droit qui s\u2019attache aux demandes d\u2019entraide
\ninternationale, constat\u00e9 les irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s de proc\u00e9dure, refus\u00e9 les restitutions
\nsollicit\u00e9es, lev\u00e9 les saisies et rendu les \u0153uvres \u00e0 leurs propri\u00e9taires.\u00a0En outre, dans
\nson arr\u00eat du 26 juin, la chambre des mises en accusation, modifiant sa jurisprudence,
\npermet d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 un marchand d\u2019art, en sa qualit\u00e9 de d\u00e9positaire, et non plus
\nseulement \u00e0 son propri\u00e9taire, de solliciter la mainlev\u00e9e de la saisie d\u2019un bien confi\u00e9 \u00e0
\nla vente par un collectionneur.<\/p>\n

\"Yves-Bernard
Yves-Bernard Debie \u00a9 JF Hel Guedj<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yves-Bernard Debie est avocat bruxellois international, sp\u00e9cialiste du monde de l\u2019art. Trois arr\u00eats de la Cour d\u2019appel de Bruxelles feront date. Il nous en explique les enjeux. Qu\u2019apportent ces d\u00e9cisions ? Ces trois arr\u00eats cons\u00e9cutifs rendus les 4, 25 et 26 juin par la Cour d\u2019appel de Bruxelles (chambre des mises en accusation) sanctionnent s\u00e9v\u00e8rement […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":4179,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4172","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-actualite"},"acf":[],"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Yves-Bernard Debie est avocat sp\u00e9cialiste du monde de l\u2019art. 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